Kaltimber’s focus wood, Ironwood, known locally as “ulin”, is a remarkable material that has played a significant role in the traditional architecture and daily life of Kalimantan (Borneo) villages. Renowned for its extreme hardness, density, and resistance to decay, ulin has been a preferred material for various applications. As it is slowly replaced by other materials, Kaltimber salvage old wood for decking and flooring production.
Let’s explore how ironwood has been traditionally used in Kalimantan villages and why it remains an integral part of their cultural heritage.
House Construction
Ironwood is highly valued for building homes due to its durability and resistance to termites, water, and rot. Traditional Dayak longhouses, known as "rumah panjang," often feature ulin wood as a primary construction material. These communal homes, which can house multiple families, are typically built on stilts to protect against flooding and pests. The use of ulin ensures the longevity of these structures, some of which can last for generations.
Roof Shingles
Ulin wood is also used to make roof shingles. Its natural oils make it highly water-resistant, providing effective protection against the heavy rains common in the region. These shingles can last for decades without needing replacement, making them a sustainable and cost-effective roofing material.
Bridges and Piers
In many coastal and riverine villages, ulin is used to construct bridges, piers, and walkways. Its ability to withstand constant exposure to water and its incredible strength make it ideal for structures that need to endure the harsh, wet conditions of tropical environments.
Traditional Tools
Ulin wood is used to make traditional tools and farming implements. Its strength and resistance to wear and tear make it ideal for items that need to endure rigorous use.
Boat Building
Traditional boats, such as the "perahu" and "jukung," are often crafted from ironwood. The dense, heavy wood is perfect for creating vessels that can navigate the turbulent rivers and coastal waters of Kalimantan. These boats are crucial for transportation, fishing, and trade.
Furniture and Utensils
In addition to its structural uses, ulin wood is also crafted into furniture and everyday utensils. The wood’s fine grain and rich color make it an attractive material for tables, chairs, cabinets, and decorative items. Its durability ensures that these pieces remain functional and beautiful for many years.
Carvings and Totems
The Dayak people are known for their intricate wood carvings, often depicting spirits, animals, and ancestors. Ulin wood’s toughness allows for fine, detailed work that lasts a long time. Totems and other ceremonial objects made from ironwood play an important role in the spiritual and cultural life of the community.
Symbol of Wealth and Status
In some Kalimantan communities, owning ironwood structures or items is a sign of wealth and status due to the wood’s rarity and the difficulty of working with such a hard material. Ulin wood is often passed down through generations, symbolizing heritage and continuity.
Conclusion
Ironwood, or ulin, has been integral to the traditional lifestyle of Kalimantan villages. Its remarkable properties have made it indispensable in various aspects of daily life, from constructing durable homes and infrastructure to crafting beautiful and functional items. The use of ulin wood reflects a deep understanding of and respect for the natural resources available in the rich, tropical forests of Borneo.
By preserving the traditional uses of ulin, Kalimantan villages maintain a connection to their cultural heritage and continue to pass down the knowledge and skills that have sustained their communities for generations. The enduring legacy of ironwood in Kalimantan is a testament to the resourcefulness and ingenuity of its people, and a reminder of the importance of sustainable living practices.